Course Description:
An important trend can be observed during the whole history of radar: the increase of the number of channels in radar systems. The main purpose is to obtain more and better target information. This trend became especially clear when antenna arrays appeared. Approximately at the same time first works were published on multisite (multistatic) radar systems - multichannel radar systems with spatially diverse channels. Recently a new concept of multichannel radar systems has been proposed: MIMO (Multiple Input-Multiple Output) radars. MIMO radars attract the growing interest.
The development of multichannel radar systems is briefly considered in this tutorial as a background of the MIMO radars. Principles of MIMO radars, their types and important features are discussed. Because of close connection between MIMO radars and Multisite radar systems (MSRSs), most important advantages and drawbacks of the latter are considered in the tutorial.
Main attention is paid to physical sense and engineering results without involving complex mathematics. Many numerical examples help for better understanding features and characteristics of MIMO radars and MSRSs.
Part 1.
1. Multichannel systems - the general trend in radar.
1.1. First multichannel radars with monopulse angle measurements.
1.2. Intensive development after the appearance of antenna arrays.
1.3. Antenna arrays with signal processing.
1.3.1. Self-focusing antenna arrays.
1.3.2. Retrodirective antenna arrays.
1.3.3. Adaptive receiving arrays for jamming cancellation.
1.4. STAP - the 2D adaptive filtration for detection targets in clutter.
1.5. Multisite radar systems: Multistatic radars, Multiradar (Netted radar) systems - multichannel radar systems with spatially diverse channels.
2. MIMO radars - results of further development of multichannel radars.
2.1. Short history of the MIMO radar. The term borrowed from communications. Principal achievements of MIMO communication systems.
2.2. Traditional communication approach applied to radar. Typical definition of the MIMO radar. Advantages and disadvantages of such approach.
2.3. Two classes of MIMO radars: 1) with colocated antennas and coded signals, 2) with widely separated antennas.
3. MIMO radars with colocated antennas and coded signals.
3.1. RIAS - the first MIMO radar.
3.2. Time-energy management with antenna arrays (especially, digital). Scanning a broad search sector with a narrow transmitting beam is replaced by several broad motionless transmitting beams.
3.3. Increase of the number of degrees of freedom. Using virtual array elements for better beamforming and improving angle resolution.
3.4. The increase of the target parameter identifiability.
3.5. The possibility of using high resolution adaptive techniques.
3.6. Synthesis of desirable transmitting beampatterns for search and tracking modes.
Part 2.
4. MIMO radars with widely separated antennas - MultiSite Radar Systems (MSRSs).
4.1. Definition and classification of MSRSs.
4.2. Main advantages of MSRSs.
4.2.1. Increase of detection range: adding of transmitting and (or) receiving facilities and smoothing of signal fluctuations. Significant difference between MIMO radars and MIMO communication systems. A realistic target model and correlation of signal fluctuations at the inputs of spatially diverse stations.
4.2.2. Increase of target coordinate measurement accuracy in active and passive MSRSs. TOA and DTOA measurements. Multilateration systems.
4.2.3. Possibility of target velocity and acceleration vectors measurement by Doppler method.
4.2.4. Increase of resolution capability in active and passive systems. UWB signals. Target resolution based on the range resolution capability and on the curvature of a signal wave front.
4.2.5. Increase of jamming resistance (including mainbeam jamming adaptive cancellation).
4.2.6. Increase of clutter resistance.
4.2.7. Increase of “signal information” body for target recognition.
4.2.8. Increase of survivability and reliability (“graceful degradation” feature).
4.3. Main drawbacks of MSRSs.
5. Modern applications of MIMO radars and MSRSs.
5.1. Military and dual applications.
5.2. Civilian applications.
6. Conclusion.
Instructor Biography:
Professor Victor Chernyak |
Professor Victor Chernyak received his Doctor of Science degree in 1972 and the academic rank of Professor in Radar and Radio Navigation in 1984 from the Higher Certification Commission of the USSR. From 1972 till 2001 he was with the Scientific Research Institute of Radio Device Engineering (NIIRP) as Head of Department. Now he is Professor of two leading technical universities of Russia: Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University).
For many years he was responsible for radar systems design, especially for signal processing and multisite (multistatic, netted) radar systems. His current research interests include signal detection and parameter estimation in multisite radar systems, wideband and ultra-wideband radars, and adaptive signal processing. |
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Prof. Victor Chernyak is the author of more than 95 scientific papers. He is also the author of the monograph “Multisite Radar” published in 1993 in Russian. The revised and expanded translation of this monograph into English entitled “Fundamentals of Multisite Radar Systems. Multistatic Radars and Multiradar Systems” (475 pages) was published by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers in 1998. This is the first book in the world literature specially devoted to MSRSs. |
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